We gave chess its own physics. Pieces have mass and pull along the lines they can move. It learned the rest by playing itself.
Deeper tint, stronger pull.
We wrote the laws. It found the constants itself, in 85,500 games of self-play.
Named after Johannes Kepler, who found the planets' laws in observations. Kepler-64 finds its constants in its own games.
Gen 3 scored 53% against Stockfish 19 limited to its 2100 setting, at 30 seconds plus 0.3 per move, over 200 games.
2100 is Stockfish's own setting, not a human rating. The opponent on this page plays a fixed search size; its strength isn't measured yet.
Each law played against a copy of the engine without it. Laws that helped stayed. The rest became alternate universes.
The engine, the training runs and every number on this page are on GitHub.
Open problems
Earth rising over the Moon, Apollo 17, 1972 · NASA